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                <title>European Urology - Current issue</title>
                <link>http://europeanurology.com</link>
                <description>European Urology RSS feed of the current issue. AIMS AND SCOPE Elsevier is the publisher of European Urology, the official journal of the European Association of Urology. European Urology publishes peer-reviewed original articles and topical reviews on a wide range of urological problems. Topics such as oncology, impotence, infertility, pediatrics, lithiasis and endourology, as well as recent advances in techniques, instrumentation, surgery and pediatric urology provide readers with a complete guide to international developments in urology. Published monthly, European Urology is an important journal for all clinicians and researchers in this field. All members of the EAU receive the journal as a benefit of their membership. For more information on the European Association of Urology, please go to: http://www.uroweb.org Supplements to European Urology are published under the title European Urology Supplements (ISSN 1569-9056). All subscribers to European Urology automatically receive this publication. You can also visit the EAU-EBU Update Series (ISSN 1871-2592). </description>
                <language>en-US</language>
                <copyright> © 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</copyright>
                
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                    <title><![CDATA[Editorial Board]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00427-2/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Thu, 06 Jun 2013 05:55:06 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00427-2</guid>
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                <item>
                    <title><![CDATA[Contents]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00430-2/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Thu, 06 Jun 2013 05:55:05 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00430-2</guid>
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                <item>
                    <title><![CDATA[Award pages]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00428-4/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Thu, 06 Jun 2013 05:55:03 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00428-4</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Re: Final Results of an EORTC-GU Cancers Group Randomized Study of Maintenance Bacillus Calmette-Gurin in Intermediate- and High-risk Ta, T1 Papillary Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: One-third Dose Versus Full Dose and 1 Year Versus 3 Years of Maintenance]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00390-4/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Thu, 06 Jun 2013 05:25:10 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00390-4</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Re: Long-term Endoscopic Management of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: 20-year Single-centre Experience]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00389-8/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Thu, 06 Jun 2013 05:25:09 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00389-8</guid>
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                <item>
                    <title><![CDATA[Re: Intratumor Heterogeneity and Branched Evolution Revealed by Multiregion Sequencing]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00388-6/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Thu, 06 Jun 2013 05:25:08 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00388-6</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Re: Androgen Receptor Splice Variants Mediate Enzalutamide Resistance in Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Cell Lines]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00387-4/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Thu, 06 Jun 2013 05:25:05 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00387-4</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Re: Intermittent Androgen Suppression for Rising PSA Level After Radiotherapy]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00386-2/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Thu, 06 Jun 2013 05:25:03 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00386-2</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Re: Dutasteride in Localised Prostate Cancer Management: The REDEEM Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00385-0/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Thu, 06 Jun 2013 05:25:01 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00385-0</guid>
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                <item>
                    <title><![CDATA[Congress Calendar]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00460-0/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Thu, 06 Jun 2013 05:15:05 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00460-0</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[The Role of 11C-Choline and 18F-Fluorocholine Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and PET/CT in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00382-5/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[Context:The role of positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) in prostate cancer (PCa) imaging is still debated, although guidelines for their use have emerged over the last few years.Objective:To systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis of the available evidence of PET and PET/CT using 11C-choline and 18F-fluorocholine as tracers in imaging PCa patients in staging and restaging settings.Evidence acquisition:PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science (by citation of reference) were searched. Reference lists of review articles and included articles were checked to complement electronic searches.Evidence synthesis:In staging patients with proven but untreated PCa, the results of the meta-analysis on a per-patient basis (10 studies, n = 637) showed pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 84% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68–93%), 79% (95% CI, 53–93%), and 20.4 (95% CI, 9.9–42.0), respectively. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 4.02 (95% CI, 1.73–9.31) and 0.20 (95% CI, 0.11–0.37), respectively. On a per-lesion basis (11 studies, n = 5117), these values were 66% (95% CI, 56–75%), 92% (95% CI, 78–97%), and 22.7 (95% CI, 8.9–58.0), respectively, for pooled sensitivity, specificity, and DOR; and 8.29 (95% CI, 3.05–22.54) and 0.36 (95% CI, 0.29–0.46), respectively, for positive and negative likelihood ratios. In restaging patients with biochemical failure after local treatment with curative intent, the meta-analysis results on a per-patient basis (12 studies, n = 1055) showed pooled sensitivity, specificity, and DOR of 85% (95% CI, 79–89%), 88% (95% CI, 73–95%), and 41.4 (95% CI, 19.7–86.8), respectively; the positive and negative likelihood ratios were 7.06 (95% CI, 3.06–16.27) and 0.17 (95% CI, 0.13–0.22), respectively.Conclusions:PET and PET/CT imaging with 11C-choline and 18F-fluorocholine in restaging of patients with biochemical failure after local treatment for PCa might help guide further treatment decisions. In staging of patients with proven but untreated, high-risk PCa, there is limited but promising evidence warranting further studies. However, the current evidence shows crucial limitations in terms of its applicability in common clinical scenarios.Positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/computed tomography using 11C-choline or 18F-fluorocholine as tracers cannot be recommended without reservation for routine use in prostate cancer imaging. In high-risk patients, this approach might help guide further treatment decisions in staging as well as restaging situations.]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Wed, 01 May 2013 11:25:03 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00382-5</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Reply from Authors re: Brant A. Inman, Michael R. Abern. Interpreting a Study on Bladder Cancer Screening. Eur Urol 2013;64:4850]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00384-9/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Mon, 29 Apr 2013 14:35:23 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00384-9</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Reply to Chris R. Cardwell, Samy Suissa and Liam J. Murray's Letter to the Editor re: Helene Hartvedt Grytli, Morten Wang Fagerland, Sophie D. Foss, Kristin Austlid Taskn. Association Between Use of -Blockers and Prostate CancerSpecific Survival: A Cohort Study of 3561 Prostate Cancer Patients with High-Risk or Metastatic Disease. Eur Urol. In press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2013.01.007]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00299-6/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Tue, 16 Apr 2013 12:15:01 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00299-6</guid>
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                <item>
                    <title><![CDATA[Interpreting a Study on Bladder Cancer Screening]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00301-1/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Tue, 16 Apr 2013 11:35:06 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00301-1</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Phase 2 Trial of Single-agent Everolimus in Chemotherapy-naive Patients with Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (SAKK 08/08)]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00294-7/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[Background:The phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor gene is deregulated in many advanced prostate cancers, leading to activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and thus increased cell survival.Objective:To evaluate everolimus, an inhibitor of mTOR, in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), and to explore potentially predictive serum biomarkers by proteomics, the significance of PTEN status in tumor tissue, and the impact of everolimus on immune cell subpopulations and function.Design, setting, and participants:A total of 37 chemotherapy-naive patients with mCRPC and progressive disease were recruited to this single-arm phase 2 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00976755).Intervention:Everolimus was administered continuously at a dose of 10 mg daily.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis:The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) at 12 wk defined as the absence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), radiographic progression, or clinical progression. Groups were compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests or Fisher exact tests for continuous and discrete variables, respectively. Time-to-event end points were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and univariate Cox regression.Results and limitations:A total of 13 patients (35%; 95% confidence interval, 20–53) met the primary end point. Confirmed PSA response ≥50% was seen in two (5%), and four further patients (11%) had a PSA decline ≥30%. Higher serum levels of carboxypeptidase M and apolipoprotein B were predictive for reaching the primary end point. Deletion of PTEN was associated with longer PFS and response. Treatment was associated with a dose-dependent decrease of CD3, CD4, and CD8 T lymphocytes and CD8 proliferation and an increase in regulatory T cells. Small sample size was the major limitation of the study.Conclusions:Everolimus activity in unselected patients with mCRPC is moderate, but PTEN deletion could be predictive for response. Several serum glycoproteins were able to predict PFS at 12 wk. Prospective validation of these potential biomarkers is warranted.Trial registration:This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier NCT00976755.Results of this study were presented in part at the 47th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (June 3–7, 2011; Chicago, IL, USA) and the annual meeting of the German, Austrian, and Swiss Societies for Oncology and Hematology (September 30–October 4, 2011; Basel, Switzerland).The mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus shows moderate activity in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Everolimus-treated patients with phosphatase and tensin homolog–deleted tumors may have longer progression-free survival. Serum phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway-sensitive protein biomarkers like carboxypeptidase M may predict response to everolimus.]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Tue, 16 Apr 2013 11:18:09 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00294-7</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Re: Helene Hartvedt Grytli, Morten Wang Fagerland, Sophie D. Foss, Kristin Austlid Taskn. Association Between Use of -Blockers and Prostate Cancerspecific Survival: A Cohort Study of 3561 Prostate Cancer Patients with High-risk or Metastatic Disease. Eur Urol. In press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2013.01.007.]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00300-X/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Tue, 16 Apr 2013 11:15:01 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00300-X</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Reply to Kathleen DHauwers, Gunter De Win and Wiebren Tjalmas Letter to the Editor re: Katja Kero, Jaana Rautava, Kari Syrjnen, Seija Grenman, Stina Syrjnen. Oral Mucosa as a Reservoir of Human Papillomavirus: Point Prevalence, Genotype Distribution, and Incident Infections Among Males in a 7-year Prospective Study. Eur Urol 2012;62:106370]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00367-9/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Tue, 16 Apr 2013 10:43:17 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00367-9</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Re: Katja Kero, Jaana Rautava, Kari Syrjnen, Seija Grenman, Stina Syrjnen. Oral Mucosa as a Reservoir of Human Papillomavirus: Point Prevalence, Genotype Distribution, and Incident Infections Among Males in a 7-year Prospective Study. Eur Urol 2012;62:106370]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00366-7/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Tue, 16 Apr 2013 10:43:13 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00366-7</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Corrigendum to Intratunical Injection of Human Adipose Tissuederived Stem Cells Prevents Fibrosis and Is Associated with Improved Erectile Function in a Rat Model of Peyronie's Disease [Eur Urol 2013;63:55160]]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00368-0/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Tue, 16 Apr 2013 10:06:33 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00368-0</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[EAU Guidelines on the Treatment and Follow-up of Non-neurogenic Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Including Benign Prostatic Obstruction]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00228-5/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[Objective:To present a summary of the 2013 version of the European Association of Urology guidelines on the treatment and follow-up of male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).Evidence acquisition:We conducted a literature search in computer databases for relevant articles published between 1966 and 31 October 2012. The Oxford classification system (2001) was used to determine the level of evidence for each article and to assign the grade of recommendation for each treatment modality.Evidence synthesis:Men with mild symptoms are suitable for watchful waiting. All men with bothersome LUTS should be offered lifestyle advice prior to or concurrent with any treatment. Men with bothersome moderate-to-severe LUTS quickly benefit from α1-blockers. Men with enlarged prostates, especially those >40 ml, profit from 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) that slowly reduce LUTS and the probability of urinary retention or the need for surgery. Antimuscarinics might be considered for patients who have predominant bladder storage symptoms. The phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor tadalafil can quickly reduce LUTS to a similar extent as α1-blockers, and it also improves erectile dysfunction. Desmopressin can be used in men with nocturia due to nocturnal polyuria. Treatment with an α1-blocker and 5-ARI (in men with enlarged prostates) or antimuscarinics (with persistent storage symptoms) combines the positive effects of either drug class to achieve greater efficacy. Prostate surgery is indicated in men with absolute indications or drug treatment–resistant LUTS due to benign prostatic obstruction. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the current standard operation for men with prostates 30–80 ml, whereas open surgery or transurethral holmium laser enucleation is appropriate for men with prostates >80 ml. Alternatives for monopolar TURP include bipolar TURP and transurethral incision of the prostate (for glands Non-neurogenic male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) have multifactorial aetiology. Treatment ranges from watchful waiting to medical therapy to surgical treatment. The choice of treatment depends on findings assessed during evaluation; ability of the treatment to change assessed findings; treatment preferences of the individual patient; and expectations to be met in terms of speed of onset, efficacy, side effects, quality of life, and disease progression. These symptom-oriented guidelines are based on the best available evidence and provide practical guidance for the management of men experiencing LUTS.]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Thu, 21 Mar 2013 15:45:01 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00228-5</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Germline Homeobox B13 () G84E Mutation and Prostate Cancer Risk in European Descendants: A Meta-analysis of 24 213 Cases and 73 631 Controls]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00231-5/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Thu, 21 Mar 2013 14:55:01 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00231-5</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Outcomes of a Bladder Cancer Screening Program Using Home Hematuria Testing and Molecular Markers]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00219-4/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[Background:We previously reported the preliminary findings from a feasibility study of bladder cancer (BCa) screening with urinary molecular markers (Bladder Cancer Urine Marker Project [BLU-P]) that has now been terminated.Objective:To report the final results from BLU-P to determine whether mass screening for BCa is feasible and useful.Design, setting, and participants:BLU-P was a Dutch population-based study initiated in 2008 to evaluate BCa screening. A total of 6500 men were invited to participate in the study, 1984 (30.5%) agreed, and 1747 (88.1%) men completed the protocol and were followed for 2 yr.Intervention:The screening protocol included home hematuria testing followed by molecular markers—nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22), microsatellite analysis (MA), fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) mutation snapshot assay, and a custom methylation-specific (MLPA) test—to determine the need for cystoscopy.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis:Outcomes included the number of cystoscopies and the cancer detection rate within and outside the protocol, as determined by linkage to national registries.Results and limitations:Overall, 409 men (23.4%) tested positive for hematuria and underwent molecular testing. Current smokers (n = 295 [17%]) and past smokers (n = 998 [58%]) were significantly more likely to test positive for hematuria than nonsmokers. Seventy-one of 75 men (94.6%) with positive molecular markers underwent the recommended cystoscopy. Four BCas and one kidney tumor were detected through this sequential protocol, whereas one BCa and one kidney tumor were missed through the screening program. Limitations include the possibility of healthy subject bias.Conclusions:For BCa screening, use of a sequential protocol with home hematuria testing followed by molecular markers substantially reduced the number of cystoscopy recommendations compared with dipstick testing alone. A sequential screening approach may help minimize unnecessary invasive follow-up testing, with very few missed cancers. Nevertheless, this mass screening program had a very low diagnostic yield in an unselected asymptomatic European male population.Bladder cancer screening with home dipstick testing followed by confirmatory molecular markers reduced the number of cystoscopy recommendations compared to dipstick testing alone. Although very few cancers were missed, this mass screening program had a low diagnostic yield in an unselected asymptomatic European male population.]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Mon, 11 Mar 2013 09:45:02 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00219-4</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Reply from Authors re: Manfred P. Wirth, Johannes Huber. What Really Matters Is Rarely Measured: Outcome of Routine Care and Patient-reported Outcomes. Eur Urol 2013;64:589]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00171-1/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Mon, 11 Mar 2013 09:45:01 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00171-1</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Reply from Authors re: Laurence Klotz. Active Surveillance, Quality of Life, and Cancer-related Anxiety. Eur Urol 2013;64:379]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00140-1/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Mon, 11 Mar 2013 09:05:13 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00140-1</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Reply from Authors re: Jean-Nicolas Cornu. Overactive Bladder Medical Management in the Elderly: It Is Time to Go Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg. Eur Urol 2013;64:823]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00141-3/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Mon, 11 Mar 2013 09:05:12 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00141-3</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Corrigendum to EAU Guidelines on Assessment and Nonsurgical Management of Urinary Incontinence [Eur Urol 2012;62:113042]]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00170-X/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Mon, 11 Mar 2013 08:55:06 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00170-X</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Coronary Stent Undergoing Urologic Surgery: Is It Still No Man's Land?]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00095-X/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Mon, 18 Feb 2013 09:45:25 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00095-X</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Overactive Bladder Medical Management in the Elderly: It Is Time to Go Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00101-2/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Thu, 07 Feb 2013 17:25:05 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00101-2</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[What Really Matters Is Rarely Measured: Outcome of Routine Care and Patient-reported Outcomes]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00099-7/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Thu, 07 Feb 2013 17:25:01 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00099-7</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Active Surveillance, Quality of Life, and Cancer-related Anxiety]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00092-4/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Thu, 07 Feb 2013 16:25:02 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00092-4</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Predictors of Health-related Quality of Life and Adjustment to Prostate Cancer During Active Surveillance]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00012-2/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[Background:Active surveillance (AS) is emerging as an alternative approach to limit the risk of overtreatment and impairment of quality of life (QoL) in patients with low-risk localised prostate cancer. Although most patients report high levels of QoL, some men may be distressed by the idea of living with untreated cancer.Objective:To identify factors associated with poor QoL during AS.Design, setting, and participants:Between September 2007 and March 2012, 103 patients participated in the Prostate Cancer Research International Active Surveillance (PRIAS) QoL study. Mental health (Symptom Checklist-90), demographic, clinical, and decisional data were assessed at entrance in AS. Health-related QoL (HRQoL) Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate version and Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer outcomes were assessed after 10 mo of AS.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis:Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of low (Few patients in our active surveillance (AS) study reported low levels of quality of life and adjustment to cancer, which could be predicted by individual and interpersonal features and the time between diagnosis and enrolment in AS.]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Wed, 23 Jan 2013 14:15:11 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00012-2</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[ESUT Expert Group on Laparoscopy Proposes Uniform Terminology During Radical Prostatectomy: We Need to Speak the Same Language]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00026-2/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Wed, 23 Jan 2013 14:15:01 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00026-2</guid>
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                    <title><![CDATA[Randomised, Multicentre, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Crossover Study Investigating the Effect of Solifenacin and Oxybutynin in Elderly People with Mild Cognitive Impairment: The SENIOR Study]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00005-5/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[Background:Compared with younger people, the elderly are more likely to suffer from overactive bladder (OAB) and to have other chronic conditions that affect physical or cognitive function. Despite this, there are few data on the cognitive safety of antimuscarinic agents in older patients and none that examine the effect of these agents on those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Objective:To evaluate cognitive effects during chronic stable dosing with solifenacin and oxybutynin versus placebo in older (≥75 yr) subjects with MCI.Design, setting, and participants:A randomised, double-blind, triple-crossover trial in 26 elderly volunteers with MCI. Cognitive function was assessed using Cognitive Drug Research (CDR) computerised testing.Intervention:Three treatment periods of 21 d each with solifenacin 5 mg once daily, oxybutynin 5 mg twice daily, or placebo, separated by 21-d washout periods.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis:The primary end point was change from baseline in cognitive function with solifenacin at 6 h postdose and oxybutynin at 2 h postdose (time points close to their predicted time to peak concentration). Secondary end points included change in cognitive function at additional time points, and safety and tolerability assessments.Results and limitations:Neither agent was associated with significant changes from baseline in any of the five standard, composite outcomes of cognitive function (power of attention, continuity of attention, quality of working memory, quality of episodic memory, and speed of memory). In a secondary analysis, oxybutynin was associated with significant decreases in power and continuity of attention versus placebo at 1–2 h postdose. Both agents were well tolerated, with the most frequently reported adverse event being mild or moderate dry mouth.Conclusions:Solifenacin had no detectable effect on cognition in this group of elderly people with MCI.Solifenacin, at least in the short term, is associated with no impairment of cognition in older people with mild cognitive impairment.]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Thu, 17 Jan 2013 13:55:17 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00005-5</guid>
                </item>
            
                <item>
                    <title><![CDATA[Complications After Robot-assisted Radical Cystectomy: Results from the International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(13)00013-4/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[Background:Complication reporting is highly variable and nonstandardized. Therefore, it is imperative to determine the surgical outcomes of major oncologic procedures.Objective:To describe the complications after robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) using a standardized and validated reporting methodology.Design, setting, and participants:Using the International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium (IRCC) database, we identified 939 patients who underwent RARC, had available complication data, and had at least 90 d of follow-up.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis:Complications were analyzed and graded according to the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) system and were defined and stratified by organ system. Secondary outcomes included identification of preoperative and intraoperative variables predicting complications. Logistic regression models were used to define predictors of complications and readmission.Results and limitations:Forty-one percent (n = 387) and 48% (n = 448) of patients experienced a complication within 30 and 90 d of surgery, respectively. The highest grade of complication was grade 0 in 52%, grade 1–2 in 29%, and grade 3–5 in 19% patients. Gastrointestinal, infectious, and genitourinary complications were most common (27%, 23%, and 17%, respectively). On multivariable analysis, increasing age group, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and receipt of blood transfusion were independent predictors of any and high-grade complications, respectively. Thirty and 90-d mortality was 1.3% and 4.2%, respectively. As a multi-institutional database, a disparity in patient selection, operating standards, postoperative management, and reporting of complications can be considered a major limitation of the study.Conclusions:Surgical morbidity after RARC is significant when reported using a standardized reporting methodology. The majority of complications are low grade. Strict reporting of complications is necessary to advocate for radical cystectomy (RC) and helps in patient counseling.Our goal was to describe the complications after robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) using a standardized and validated reporting methodology. When using multi-institutional data, surgical morbidity after RARC is significant, but most complications are low grade.]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Thu, 17 Jan 2013 13:45:01 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(13)00013-4</guid>
                </item>
            
                <item>
                    <title><![CDATA[Surgical Reconstruction for Male-to-Female Sex Reassignment]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(12)01560-6/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[Background:The primary challenge of male-to-female reassignment surgery is to create natural-appearing female genitalia with neovaginal dimensions adequate for intercourse, neoclitoris sensitivity, and minimal risk of complications. Surgical positioning is an important component of the procedure that successfully minimizes the risk of morbidity.Objective:We modified various vaginoplasty techniques to better position the urethral neomeatus in the proper anatomic location to minimize the chance for complications and enhance aesthetic satisfaction.Design, setting, and participants:We retrospectively reviewed data stored in a prospective database for 24 consecutive patients who underwent male-to-female gender reassignment at a German university clinic between January 2007 and March 2011.Surgical procedure:First, orchiectomy and penile disassembly are performed with the patient in the supine position. Both corpora cavernosa are resected with the patient in the lithotomy position, and neovaginal construction is accomplished with the incorporation of the penile urethra into the penile shaft skin. The glans is preserved and resized to form the neoclitoris. The assembled neovagina is inverted, inserted into the expanded rectoprostatic space, and secured to the sacrospinous ligament. Scrotal skin is tailored to create the labia.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis:Complications and patient satisfaction with neovaginal depth, appearance, neoclitoral sensation, and capacity for sexual intercourse were evaluated.Results and limitations:The mean neovaginal depth was 11 cm (range: 10–14 cm); median follow-up was 39.7 mo (range: 19–69 mo). All patients reported satisfactory vaginal functionality. One patient noted stenosis after 4 yr that was histologically confirmed as lichen sclerosus. Neoclitoral sensation was good or excellent in 97% of patients; 33% reported regular intercourse. No major complications were observed. Because this is a retrospective review to describe a complex reconstructive surgery and illustrate these techniques in the accompanying intraoperative surgery-in-motion video, no control group was undertaken.Conclusions:Gender reassignment can be performed with minimal complications using penile skin with incorporated penile urethra and intraoperative repositioning of the patient to achieve adequate neovaginal dimensions for intercourse and neoclitoral sensation.Gender reassignment reconstructive surgery can be performed with minimal complications using penile skin with incorporated penile urethra and interoperative repositioning of the patient to achieve adequate neovaginal dimensions for intercourse and neoclitoral sensation.]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Tue, 08 Jan 2013 10:35:01 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(12)01560-6</guid>
                </item>
            
                <item>
                    <title><![CDATA[Reply from Authors re: Brian R. Matlaga. How Do We Manage Infected, Obstructed Hydronephrosis? Eur Urol 2013;64:934]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(12)01330-9/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Fri, 09 Nov 2012 03:35:02 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(12)01330-9</guid>
                </item>
            
                <item>
                    <title><![CDATA[Reply from Authors re: Martin Spahn, Steven Joniau. Positive Surgical Margin at Radical Prostatectomy: Futile or Surgeon-dependent Predictor of Prostate Cancer Death? Eur Urol 2013;64:268]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(12)01323-1/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Tue, 06 Nov 2012 03:35:29 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(12)01323-1</guid>
                </item>
            
                <item>
                    <title><![CDATA[Reply from Authors re: Camillo Porta, Chiara Paglino. Experience Gathered from Retrospective Series on Renal Cell Carcinoma Is Useful, But Now It Is Time for a Global Claim for Academically Driven Prospective Studies. Eur Urol 2013;64:712]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(12)01233-X/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Thu, 18 Oct 2012 02:36:01 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(12)01233-X</guid>
                </item>
            
                <item>
                    <title><![CDATA[How Do We Manage Infected, Obstructed Hydronephrosis?]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(12)01231-6/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Wed, 17 Oct 2012 02:35:37 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(12)01231-6</guid>
                </item>
            
                <item>
                    <title><![CDATA[Experience Gathered from Retrospective Series on Renal Cell Carcinoma Is Useful, But Now It Is Time for a Global Claim for Academically Driven Prospective Studies]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(12)01116-5/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Thu, 27 Sep 2012 02:35:56 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(12)01116-5</guid>
                </item>
            
                <item>
                    <title><![CDATA[Temporal Trends, Practice Patterns, and Treatment Outcomes for Infected Upper Urinary Tract Stones in the United States]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(12)01103-7/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[Background:The incidence of infected urolithiasis is unknown, and evidence describing the optimal management strategy for obstruction is equivocal.Objective:To examine the trends of infected urolithiasis in the United States, the practice patterns of competing treatment modalities, and to compare adverse outcomes.Design, setting, and participants:A weighted estimate of 396 385 adult patients hospitalized with infected urolithiasis was extracted from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1999–2009.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis:Time trend analysis examined the incidence of infected urolithiasis and associated sepsis, as well as rates of retrograde ureteral catheterization and percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) for urgent/emergent decompression. Propensity-score matching compared the rates of adverse outcomes between approaches.Results and limitations:Between 1999 and 2009, the incidence of infected urolithiasis in women increased from 15.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.3–15.6) to 27.6 (27.4–27.8)/100 000); men increased from 7.8 (7.7–7.9) to 12.1 (12.0–12.3)/100 000. Rates of associated sepsis increased from 6.9% to 8.5% (p = 0.013), and severe sepsis increased from 1.7% to 3.2% (p Between 1999 and 2009, women were twice as likely to have infected urolithiasis. Rates of associated sepsis and severe sepsis increased, but mortality rates remained stable. Analysis of competing treatment strategies for immediate decompression demonstrates decreasing utilization of percutaneous nephrostomy, which showed higher rates of adverse outcomes.]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Tue, 25 Sep 2012 02:48:32 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(12)01103-7</guid>
                </item>
            
                <item>
                    <title><![CDATA[Controlling Health Care Costs for Prostate Cancer]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(12)01094-9/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Tue, 18 Sep 2012 02:46:02 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(12)01094-9</guid>
                </item>
            
                <item>
                    <title><![CDATA[Retrospective Comparison of Triple-sequence Therapies in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(12)01027-5/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[Background:The optimal sequence of targeted therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has not been defined.Objective:To describe the efficacy and toxicity of the most common sequences of targeted therapy, namely, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (rTKI) and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi), in different sequences after failure of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling inhibition (VEGFi) in first-line therapy.Design, setting and participants:Retrospective study of 103 patients receiving VEGFi-rTKI-mTORi (n = 62) or VEGFi-mTORi-rTKI (n = 41) at two German academic centers.Intervention:Sequence of systemic targeted treatment.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis:Response was assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.0 and toxicity was measured using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 3.0. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Predictors of survival were analyzed using Cox regression.Results and limitations:Sequence groups did not significantly differ by patient characteristics and response rate following first VEGFi failure. Median PFS for second-line therapy was 4.6 mo (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8–5.4), 4.1 mo (95% CI, 3.4–4.9) for rTKI treatment, and 5.4 mo (95% CI, 2.7–8.1) for mTORi treatment (p = 0.400). No differences in PFS were observed among third-line therapy groups (3.6 mo for mTORi; 3.7 mo for rTKI). Treatment duration following first VEGFi failure (combined second- and third-line PFS) was 10.0 mo for VEGFi-rTKI-mTORi and 12.2 mo for VEGFi-mTORi-rTKI (p = 0.103). No significant differences in OS were observed among sequence groups (33.7 mo [95% CI, 30.4–37.1] for VEGFi-rTKI-mTORi; 38.7 mo [95% CI, 24.4–52.9] for VEGFi-mTORi-rTKI). Primary resistance on first-line therapy was an independent predictor of OS, but type of sequence was not. Limitations are the retrospective design and limited numbers of cases.Conclusions:The sequence therapies VEGFi-mTORi-rTKI and VEGFi-rTKI-mTORi with the currently available agents appear to be equally efficacious in terms of PFS, OS, and response rate, with no apparent beneficial effect with an early use of mTORi.The sequence therapies vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor (VEGFi)–mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi)–receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (rTKI) and VEGFi-rTKI-mTORi administered with the currently available agents appear to be equally efficacious in terms of progression-free and overall survival, with no apparent beneficial effect with an early use of an mTORi.]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Wed, 12 Sep 2012 02:36:08 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(12)01027-5</guid>
                </item>
            
                <item>
                    <title><![CDATA[Positive Surgical Margin at Radical Prostatectomy: Futile or Surgeon-dependent Predictor of Prostate Cancer Death?]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(12)01016-0/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Wed, 05 Sep 2012 02:35:57 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(12)01016-0</guid>
                </item>
            
                <item>
                    <title><![CDATA[Locally Recurrent Prostate Cancer Following Radiation Therapy: To Cut or To Freeze?]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(12)00980-3/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Wed, 29 Aug 2012 02:45:02 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(12)00980-3</guid>
                </item>
            
                <item>
                    <title><![CDATA[Hospitalization Costs for Radical Prostatectomy Attributable to Robotic Surgery]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(12)00947-5/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[Background:With health technology innovation responsible for higher health care costs, it is essential to have accurate estimates regarding the differential costs between robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and open radical prostatectomy (ORP).Objective:To describe the total hospitalization costs attributable to robotic and open surgery for radical prostatectomy (RP).Design, setting, and participants:Using a population-based cohort by merging the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and the American Hospital Association (AHA) survey from 2006 to 2008, we identified 29 837 prostate cancer patients who underwent RP.Interventions:ORP and RARP.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis:The primary outcome was total hospitalization costs adjusted to year 2008 US dollars. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify patient and hospital characteristics associated with total hospitalization costs and to estimate costs of ORP and RARP adjusted for case mix and hospital teaching status, location, and annual case volume.Results and limitations:Overall, 20 424 (68.5%) patients were surgically treated with RARP, and 9413 (31.5%) patients underwent ORP. Compared to ORP, patients undergoing RARP had shorter median length of stay (1 d vs 2 d; p Patients treated with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) were less likely to experience postoperative complications and had a shorter length of stay in hospital compared to those undergoing open radical prostatectomy (ORP). However, RARP costs approximately $2500 more per hospitalization on average in comparison to ORP per hospitalization after adjusting for case mix and hospital location, teaching status, and case volume.]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Tue, 21 Aug 2012 02:45:16 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(12)00947-5</guid>
                </item>
            
                <item>
                    <title><![CDATA[The Impact of Solitary and Multiple Positive Surgical Margins on Hard Clinical End Points in 1712 Adjuvant TreatmentNaive pT24 N0 Radical Prostatectomy Patients]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(12)00926-8/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[Background:Positive surgical margins (PSMs) increase the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP), but their impact on hard clinical end points is a topic of ongoing discussion.Objective:To evaluate the influence of solitary PSMs (sPSMs) and multiple PSMs (mPSMs) on important clinical end points.Design, setting, and participants:Data from 1712 patients from the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec with pT2–4 N0 prostate cancer (PCa) and undetectable prostate-specific antigen after RP were analyzed.Intervention:RP without neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis:Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated survival functions, and Cox proportional hazards models addressed predictors of clinical end points.Results and limitations:Median follow-up was 74.9 mo. A total of 1121 patients (65.5%) were margin-negative, 281 patients (16.4%) had sPSMs, and 310 patients (18.1%) had mPSMs. A total of 280 patients (16.4%) experienced BCR, and 197 patients (11.5%) were treated with salvage radiotherapy (SRT). Sixty-eight patients (4.0%) received definitive androgen deprivation therapy, 19 patients (1.1%) developed metastatic disease, and 15 patients (0.9%) had castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Thirteen patients (0.8%) died from PCa, and 194 patients (11.3%) died from other causes. Ten-year Kaplan-Meier estimates for BCR-free survival were 82% for margin-negative patients, 72% for patients with sPSMs, and 59% for patients with mPSMs (p Solitary and multiple positive surgical margins in radical prostatectomy specimens predict biochemical recurrence but not long-term clinical end points. Adjuvant radiotherapy for margin-positive patients might not be justified, as only a minority of patients progressed to end points other than biochemical recurrence.]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Fri, 10 Aug 2012 02:35:19 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(12)00926-8</guid>
                </item>
            
                <item>
                    <title><![CDATA[Salvage Cryosurgery of the Prostate for Failure After Primary Radiotherapy or Cryosurgery: Long-term Clinical, Functional, and Oncologic Outcomes in a Large Cohort at a Tertiary Referral Centre]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(12)00813-5/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[Background:Salvage cryosurgery (SC) is a recognised option for patients who fail either primary radiation or cryosurgery.Objective:To report outcomes of patients undergoing SC.Design, setting, and participants:A consecutive series of 396 patients who had failed either primary radiotherapy or cryosurgery underwent SC between October 1994 and August 2011.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis:Demographic and clinical parameters before primary and salvage treatment were evaluated; disease-free-survival (DFS), overall-survival (OS), disease-specific-survival (DSS), and complications were assessed.Results and limitations:Sufficient follow-up data were available for 328 patients. Median age was 65.8 yr (range: 45–81 yr), median serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 8.0 ng/ml (range: 0.6–290.0 ng/ml). After primary treatment, median time to recurrence was 55 mo (range: 0.0–183.6 mo). SC was performed at a median of 67.5 mo (range: 7.0–212.7 mo) later; median pre-SC PSA level was 4.0 ng/ml (range: 0.1–112.4 ng/ml). Median PSA nadir was 0.2 ng/ml (range: 0.01–70.70 ng/ml), reached after a median of 2.6 mo (range: 2.0–67.3 mo) after SC. Median follow-up was 47.8 mo (range: 1.6–203.5 mo). Respective 5- and 10-yr DFS was 63% and 35%; OS: 74% and 45%; and DSS: 91% and 79%. In univariate analyses, time from primary treatment to SC or recurrence, PSA level before SC, and PSA nadir after SC were all significant predictors of recurrence (p≤ 0.01). PSA before SC and time to recurrence were also predictive of DSS (p = 0.003 and p = 0.01, respectively). In multivariate analyses, only PSA nadir after SC was predictive of recurrence and DSS (p Salvage cryosurgery of the prostate is an effective treatment option for patients failing primary therapy, with excellent biochemical disease-free and disease-specific survival outcomes. Prostate-specific antigen nadir after salvage cryosurgery seems to be the best predictor of biochemical recurrence and disease-specific survival.]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Fri, 20 Jul 2012 00:16:39 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(12)00813-5</guid>
                </item>
            
                <item>
                    <title><![CDATA[Does Comorbidity Influence the Risk of Myocardial Infarction or Diabetes During Androgen-Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer?]]></title>
                    <link>http://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(12)00501-5/abstract</link>
                    <description><![CDATA[Background:Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa) may be associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Some data suggest that men with certain conditions may be more susceptible to developing cardiovascular disease than others.Objective:To assess whether the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) or diabetes during ADT is modified by specific baseline comorbidities.Design, setting, and participants:We conducted a population-based observational study of 185 106 US men ≥66 yr of age diagnosed with local/regional PCa from 1992 to 2007. We assessed comorbidities monthly over the follow-up period.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis:Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying variables assessing incident diabetes or MI.Results and limitations:A total of 49.9% of the men received ADT during follow-up. Among men with no comorbidities, ADT was associated with an increase in the adjusted hazard of MI (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]: 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.16) and diabetes (AHR: 1.33; 95% CI, 1.27–1.39). Risks of MI and diabetes were similarly increased among men with and without specific comorbid illnesses (p > 0.10 for all interactions, with one exception). Previous MI, congestive heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, stroke, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and renal disease were associated with new MI and diabetes, and obesity and rheumatologic disease were also associated with diabetes. Limitations include the observational study design, reliance on administrative data to ascertain outcomes, and lack of information on risk factors such as smoking and family history.Conclusions:Traditional risk factors for MI and diabetes were also associated with developing these conditions during ADT but did not significantly modify the risk attributable to ADT. Strategies to screen and prevent diabetes and cardiovascular disease in men with PCa should be similar to the strategies recommended for the general population.Traditional risk factors for myocardial infarction and diabetes are also associated with developing these conditions during androgen-deprivation therapy, but they do not appear to significantly modify the risk attributable to androgen-deprivation therapy. Strategies to screen for and prevent diabetes and cardiovascular disease in men with prostate cancer should be similar to strategies recommended for the general population.]]></description>
                    <pubDate>Thu, 19 Apr 2012 02:45:05 GMT</pubDate>
                    <guid>S0302-2838(12)00501-5</guid>
                </item>
            
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