• BCG is the most effective intravesical agent for preventing NMIBC recurrence, but its role in disease progression remains controversial
• In intermediate-risk NMIBC, the superiority of BCG over chemotherapy is well established for disease recurrence but not for progression
• In high-risk NMIBC, BCG is the most effective treatment of carcinoma in situ for ablation, disease-free interval and progression. However, its impact on the natural history of T1G3 tumours relies on a low level of evidence
• Maintenance remains crucial for efficacy
• The dose can be effectively reduced to decrease its toxicity, which is slightly greater than chemotherapy
Copyright © 